Abstract Detail

Genetics Section

Zavada, Tomas [1], Malik, Rondy [1], Kesseli, Rick [1].

Fifty shapes of leaf – origins, plasticity and population structure in chicory (Cichorium intybus), a domesticate gone wild.

During the plant invasion process, non-indigenous species employ several strategies to succeed in a new environment. Phenotypic plasticity and hybridization generating novel genotypes are key components of many plant invasions. Cichorium intybus (chicory) is a diploid (2n=18), perennial, self-incompatible species native to Eurasia. Besides being a root and leafy vegetable crop, chicory also became a widespread weed in North America since its introduction in the 18th century. Chicory can be found in all U.S. states, which suggests a plasticity and a consequent adaptability of this weed in several temperate zones. Chicory exhibits a great range of environmental plasticity for leaf shape, color of the midrib, leaf surface, hairiness, and plant size. Here, we analyze 11 chicory cultivars, 9 native Eurasian and 19 introduced North American populations (576 individuals in total). The combined use of cpDNA and 12 nuclear microsatellite loci aimed to detect the geographic sources of North American chicory populations and to assess the genetic diversity among cultivars, native and introduced populations. Four cpDNA haplotypes revealed a strong geographic differentiation in the native range, as well as the cultivar origin of North American chicory. The highest private allelic richness was detected among introduced populations, suggesting local adaptation in marginal habitats (Nevada and New Mexico populations). Genetic clustering showed intraspecific hybridization between different cultivars, and a presence of novel genotypes in the invaded region. Our findings suggest that the current populations of weedy chicory have evolved from domesticated ancestors that escaped from fields back into the wild.

Broader Impacts:

1 - University of Massachusetts, Biology, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA

Keywords:
Cichorium intybus
invasive species
microsatellites
population genetics.

Presentation Type: Poster:Posters for Sections
Session: P
Location: Grand Salon A - D/Riverside Hilton
Date: Monday, July 29th, 2013
Time: 5:30 PM
Number: PGN002
Abstract ID:412
Candidate for Awards:Genetics Section Poster Award