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Abstract Detail



Recent Topics Posters

Greg, Matthew [1], Klein, Laura [2], Bogler, David [3], Jimenez, Ivan [4], Miller, Allison [5].

Morphometric analysis of leaf variation in three North American grape species (Vitis acerifolia, V. riparia, and V. rupestris) .

Species within the genus Vitis (Vitaceae) are the foundation of wine, table grape, raisin, and grape juice industries.  Although grapevine cultivation is based primarily on the European grapevine V. vinifera, North American Vitis species play an important role in grape production as well.  In some ways, grapevines are unusual crops because cultivated varieties often consist of two genetically distinct entities that are grafted together: the above-ground part of the plant (the scion) produces the stem, leaves, flowers, and berries, and the below-ground part (the rootstock) forms the lower stem and roots.  Widespread grafting in grapevine dates back to the mid-1800’s when insects in the genus Phylloxera devastated the French grape industry.  Starting with this crisis, North American grapevines have been key genetic resources for the development of biotic and abiotic stress resistant rootstocks, as well as hybrid grape varieties.  Today, vineyards in France and other regions consist of European V. vinifera grafted to North American Vitis species, including the river grape (V. riparia), the rock grape (V. rupestris), and their hybrid derivatives.  Despite their importance for grape growing, relatively little is known about morphological variation in natural populations of Vitis species used for rootstocks.  The purpose of this study is to identify morphological traits associated with drought tolerance by documenting leaf variation in a small clade of three species whose natural distributions differ with respect to abiotic conditions.  The study focuses on V. acerifolia and V. rupestris, which are found in dry areas and gravel beds respectively, and their close relative, V. riparia, which is found primarily in moist soils.  Natural variation in leaf morphology is preserved through plant specimens housed in herbaria.  Leveraging the collection at the Missouri Botanical Garden herbarium, we apply comprehensive morphological indices developed by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) to characterize variation in 25 leaf characters in at least 10 accessions each of V. acerifolia, V. riparia and V. rupestris.  The resulting data are used in univariate and multivariate analyses to describe leaf morphological variation in the three species, and to identify traits that differentiate these close relatives.  This study represents an important step in describing natural variation associated with adaptation to dry environments in species used for rootstocks by the global grape industry. 

Broader Impacts:


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1 - Saint Louis University, MSC#1860 Busch Student Center, 20 N. Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
2 - Saint Louis University, Department of Botany, 3507 Laclede Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA
3 - Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
4 - Missouri Botanical Garden, CCSD, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166, USA
5 - Saint Louis University, Biology, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA

Keywords:
morphometrics
Vitis
grapevine
Vitaceae
rootstock
species variation.

Presentation Type: Recent Topics Poster
Session: P
Location: Grand Salon A - D/Riverside Hilton
Date: Monday, July 29th, 2013
Time: 5:30 PM
Number: PRT032
Abstract ID:1327
Candidate for Awards:None


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